Events of the British Colonial Period


After successfully controlling Indonesia, the British government then appointed Thomas Stamford Raffles as Lieutenant Governor in Indonesia. Raffles began his work on October 19, 1811.

Policy in the Field of Science
  1. Invite knowledge experts from abroad to conduct various scientific studies in Indonesia. 
  2. Raffles and Arnoldi managed to find the corpse flower as a giant flower and the largest in the world. The flower was given the scientific name Rafflesia Arnoldi. Thomas Stamford Rotfies
  3. Raffles wrote the book "History of Java" and pioneered the construction of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. Bogor Botanical Gardens is a biological garden that collects various types of plants in Indonesia and even from various parts of the world.

Economic Policy

  1. Removing contingent is replaced by a land rent system.
  2. All land is considered state property. So, farmers must pay taxes as rent. Raffles efforts to implement a land tax system failed due to the following factors :
  • It is difficult to determine the size of the tax for landowners because not all people have the same land. 
  • It is difficult to determine the breadth and extent of farmers' soil fertility. 
  • Limitations of Raffles employees. 
  • The villagers are not familiar with the money system. 

Government, Judicial, and Social Policy In this area, Raffles established the following policies:
  1. Java Island is divided into 16 residencies including Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
  2. Each residency has a judicial body.
  3. Prohibit the slave trade.

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