Forced Cultivation System in Indonesia

The Dutch Colonial Government During Johannes Van Den Bosch's leadership, the Netherlands introduced the forced cultivation system. The forced cultivation system was first introduced in Java and developed in other areas outside Java.

In West Sumatra, the forced cultivation system began in 1847. At that time, people who had long been growing coffee freely were forced to plant coffee to be handed over to the colonial government. A similar system was also implemented in other places such as Minahasa, Lampung, and Palembang.

Coffee is the main crop in West Sumatra and Minahasa. The pepper is the main crop in Lampung and Palembang. In Minahasa, the same policy also applies to coconut trees. Implementation of forced cultivation many deviations occur, including the following : 
  1. Allotment of export crops exceeds one-fifth of arable land, especially if the soil is fertile.
  2. People's attention, energy, and time for export crops so that many do not have time to work on their fields and fields. devote more
  3. People who do not own land have to work more than 1/5 years.
  4. The time turned out to exceed the time of planting rice (three months) because estate crops need maintenance treatment of forced planting continuously.
  5. Any amount of tax that must be paid back to the people turns out not to be returned to the people. excess yields from
  6. Failure to harvest crops must be the responsibility of the people/farmers.
The existence of deviations in the implementation of forced cultivation has brought damaging consequences for the people of Indonesia. As a result of irregularities in the implementation of forced cultivation, among others: a lot of abandoned lands so that the harvest failed, the people suffer more, epidemics run rampant, the danger of famine hit Cirebon and forced people to flee to other areas to save themselves.

Severe famine also occurred in Grobogan which resulted in many deaths so that the population declined sharply. The forced cultivation which was applied by the Dutch in Indonesia turned out to result in opposition. Thanks to criticism from various parties, the Dutch government finally phased out forced cultivation. One Dutch figure who opposed the forced cultivation system was Douwes Dekker under the pseudonym Multatuli.

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