The Dutch Colonial Government During Johannes Van Den Bosch's leadership, the Netherlands introduced the forced cultivation system. The forced cultivation system was first introduced in Java and developed in other areas outside Java. In West Sumatra, the forced cultivation system began in 1847. At that time, people who had long been growing coffee freely were forced to plant coffee to be handed over to the colonial government. A similar system was also implemented in other places such as Minahasa, Lampung, and Palembang. Coffee is the main crop in West Sumatra and Minahasa. The pepper is the main crop in Lampung and Palembang. In Minahasa, the same policy also applies to coconut trees. Implementation of forced cultivation many deviations occur, including the following : Allotment of export crops exceeds one-fifth of arable land, especially if the soil is fertile. People's attention, energy, and time for export crops so that many do not have time to work on their fields and...
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